This is the next step in creating your marketing plan Essay

This is the next step in creating your marketing plan - Essay Example On the other hand, it may be indirect, i.e. involving a myriad of interconnected intermediaries who facilitate the movements of the products from the producers to the customers such as agents, distributors, wholesalers, and retailers (Dent, 2011). In the case of indirect distribution, each of the intermediaries receives a product at a set price then he moves it to the next at a much higher price until the products reach the final consumers. In this regard, the price of the product rises considerably as it goes through these channels thereby becoming very expensive and unaffordable by the time it reaches the final consumer. For instance, coffee goes through a long winding channel before reaching the final consumer. It involves the farmers who grow the coffee, the exporter who exports processed coffee from its country of production to overseas, the importer in overseas who orders coffee from coffee producing regions, the distributor of imported coffee such as supermarkets and stores, and finally the retailer who brews the coffee and sells it to the final consumer. This is where River Side Cafe stands (Kansal & Kapoor, 2003). However, in this case, the producer of the products on sale, i.e. coffee and tea, is the cafe and the customers of the products are the clients who throng into the company premises to taste a cup of pure traditional coffee and tea imported from Mexico. As such, River Side Cafe only considers itself and its customers in setting up its channels of distribution. The main product sold by the cafe is a service. Services are inseparable from their producers. Therefore, it is unlikely for the cafe to seek out external distributors of their coffee and tea rather than themselves. In addition, quality service delivery comes along with customer experience journeys and experiences that should enable the organization deliver maximum satisfaction to their consumers. The cafe will therefore adopt a direct

History wk 12 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History wk 12 - Essay Example They showed what other studies have shown, that there are spatial differences between men and women and that women are better in verbal skills. What I wonder, is whether these are different because of the way that children are trained. Do boy children tend to be trained to see things more spatially than girls are shown? Do women spend more time talking and by doing so, increasing their verbal skills? Is this why many men find talking about problems etc., too difficult because they have not been trained in that way? Schultz and Schultz (2008) suggest that that there is bias and discrimination still going on when people come together. In psychology, I have seen this become a problem, especially with some students who may be from the Middle East or other countries at times when the United States feels threatened. Although this may not be what we want to see in psychology, I think it still exists and that we need. The idea of gender intrigues me because today, there is so much going on w ith it. Some people are changing their genders, feeling they were born into the wrong one. There is an ongoing debate about whether gays and lesbians should be able to marry. Although this may not directly take a look at gender, it does apply in that often gays and lesbians transcend the gender they were born into. ... When I first came into this course, I had some idea of the various areas of psychology because I received them from different courses taken before this course. I think my personal view of psychology would be that it is the study of how people deal with the world around them. I believe that it is more than just a study of the mind, because there are so many different aspects of it. As an example, we brought up the idea of â€Å"The Secret† in this class and I believe that it is part of what people are studying today. Those who are following this are attempting to understand a different way of behavior that will help them move forward. It is a belief system that many have adopted and made work for them. I think that counseling has to take into consideration a client’s belief system and the fact that it will not necessarily be the same as that of the counselor. In fact, the counselor may be opposed to the client’s belief system and/or lifestyle, but they may need to have a way of dealing with it anyway or to refer the client to someone else. As a counselor who is a scholar-practitioner, I believe that it is important to continue to read in my field after I leave college and to interact with other scholar-practitioners. I do not believe that we can work in a vacuum and sometimes, realistically, many of us tend to get a degree and then work in an agency for many years without more development. I believe it is important to understand the stressors that people are dealing with on a day to day basis, and to study those areas that we are going to work with clients in. As an example, the world is seeing major stress related to PTSD coming from the war. Because of this, a scholar practitioner is going to need to understand PTSD and the types of things that work well with

History Of The Cinema Evolution Film Studies Essay

History Of The Cinema Evolution Film Studies Essay The Frenchman Louis Lumiere is always credited and he actually is known as the inventor of the motion picture camera in 1895. Other inventors preceded him, and Lumieres achievement should always be considered in the context of this creative period. Lumieres portable, suitcase-sized cinematography served as a camera, film processing unit, and projector all in one. He could shoot footage in the morning, process it in the afternoon, and then project it to an audience that evening. His first film was the arrival of the express train at Ciotat. Other subjects included workers leaving the factory gates, a child being fed by his parents, people enjoying a picnic along a river. The ease of use and portability of his device soon made it the rage in France. Cinematographes soon were in the hands of Lumiere followers all over the world, and the motion picture era began. The American Thomas Alva Edison was a competitor of Lumieres, and his invention predated Lumieres. But Edisons motion picture camera was bulky and not portable. The promoter in Lumiere made the difference in this competition. (Yahnke, 1996) For the first twenty years of motion picture history most silent films were shortonly a few minutes in length. At first a novelty, and then increasingly an art form and literary form, silent films reached greater complexity and length in the early 1910s. The films on the list above represent the greatest achievements of the silent era, which endedafter years of experimentationin 1929 when a means of recording sound that would be synchronous with the recorded image was discovered. Few silent films were made in the 1930s, with the exception of Charlie Chaplin, whose character of the Tramp perfected expressive physical moves in many short films in the 1910s and 1920s. When the silent era ended, Chaplin refused to go along with sound; instead, he maintained the melodramatic Tramp as his mainstay in City Lights (1931) and Modern Times (1936). The trademarks of Chaplins Tramp were his ill-fitting suit, floppy over-sized shoes and a bowler hat, and his ever-present cane. A memorable image i s Chaplins Tramp shuffling off, penguin-like, into the sunset and spinning his cane whimsically as he exits. He represented the little guy, the underdog, someone who used wit and whimsy to defeat his adversaries. Eisensteins contribution to the development of cinema rested primarily in his theory of editing, or montage, which focused on the collision of opposites in order to create a new entity. One of the greatest achievements in editing is the Odessa Steps sequence, in his film Potemkin (1925). Eisenstein intercut between shots of townspeople trapped on the steps by Czarist troops, and shots of the troops firing down upon the crowd. Members of the crowd became individual characters to viewers as the montage continued. Within the editing track the fate of these individuals was played out. A mother picks up her dead child and confronts the troops. Then she is shot. A student looks on in terror and then fleeshis fate uncertain. An old woman prays to be spared, but she is killed by a soldier who slashes her face with his saber. When a woman holding her baby carriage is killed, she falls to the steps, and the carriage begins a precipitous declineshots of the baby crying are intercut with wide sh ots of the carriage rolling down the steps. To Eisenstein, each individual shot contributed energy within the editing track that yielded far more than the sum total of shots. In other words, the combination of shots through editing created a new entity, based on the expressive emotional energy unleashed through the editing process. Although the technology for making movies was invented in 1895, a significant realization of the potential for film as art occurs with the appearance of D. W. Griffiths 1915 full-length epic, Birth of a Nation. In this film Griffith utilized crosscutting (parallel editing) effectively, particularly at the climax, when a number of editing tracks play off one another. He also portrayed battle scenes magnificently, with action in one set of shots moving from left to right, while action in another set of shots moves from right to left. But Griffiths work is diminished severely by the overt racism employed in characterizations and plotting. Then comes German Expressionism, and it was from 1919 to 1925. German got an innovative art, newly urban subject matter and refinement of technique. At that time Germany was politically, socially, economically crippled. But they influenced and thus the German directors deserve credit for their experimentation with unusual camera angles and complex stage settings. Two examples of this approach is The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1919) by Robert Wiene. The latter is also credited with perfecting the use of visual language in The Last Laugh (1924), a film about a lonely old man who is ridiculed by others. Few titles are used in the film because Murnau is able to communicate meaning by virtue of well-placed visual cues. They also got and directed mythological film like Metropolis which was spectacular. Then they brought vampire kind of films which were again something new to cinema. After that chamber play film came which was not much of expressionistic. During that time the Last laugh was t he finest German silent film. The 1920s was a miraculous golden age for Soviet cinema, both for features and documentary. The films were meticulously curated and handsomely presented collection convey the incredible excitement filmmakers felt at the opportunity to participate in the construction of the worlds first socialist state. Freed from the need to make money that drove the Hollywood industry, they could focus on educating the new Soviet population. All the films were originally released between 1924 and 1930. Each has a nifty new musical score, using both previously composed and original material. Robert Israel compiled four of them; his score to the early morning Moscow street scenes in The House on the Trubnaya makes ingenious use of Sergei Prokofievs piano cycle, Fugitive Visions, to set the mood. Lev Kuleshov not only made films, but also wrote extensively on film theory. His imaginative parody upends negative Western preconceptions about Russians and Bolsheviks, even as it consciously imitates the sty le of the American action films he so admired. With an all-star cast that includes the manic, leering Aleksandra Khokhlova and cameo appearances by two directors (Boris Barnet and Vsevolod Pudovkin) reaches its Buster-Keaton-like climax in a memorable chase sequence. In 1926, Kuleshovs style had dramatically changed, becoming less artificial and more moody and psychological under the influence of German expressionism. The coming of sound fueled a number of genre developments in Hollywood cinema. One obvious example is the film musical. Less obvious is how the horror genre also dramatized and explored potentials that synchronized sound brought to Hollywood films. Hollywood cinema was suggested by the exhibitors weekly Harrisons Reports when it explained the success of The Jazz Singer: It was the talk that Al Jolson made here and there and his singing of his Mammy song, chiefly the singing of Mammy. It was so successfully done that people were thrilled. The sight of Mr. Jolson singing to his mother, sitting in the orchestra, stirred the spectators emotions as they were stirred by few pictures; it brought tears to the eyes of many spectators. Warner Bros is best known for its innovations in sound technology. In 1925 Warner partnered with Western Electric to develop a sound system. This involved a massive investment as the company had to reconvert all its theatres. Two years later, with much fanfare, the studio released The Jazz Singer. It was herald as the first talking picture and was a huge international success, eventually grossing 3 million dollars. The sound was recorded on discs that each had a total playing time equal to one reel of film. Because this form of synchronized sound was rather unreliable, it was soon replaced by sound recorded directly onto film.

things fall apart :: essays research papers

How many different ways can one man evolve? Will he be the man that he wants to be or will he be the man that he fears most? These are some of the questions that would have to be asked when talking about the novel Things Fall Apart by Chunia Achebe. The main character  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Okonkwo starts this novel out by letting us know about how much he hates his father and that he will do anything to be the complete opposite. But by the end of the novel we will find out just how much he is like his father whether he likes it or not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Early on in the novel Oknokwo states his great dislike for his father because he is a lazy man that likes to depend on others and has a serous drinking problem. Because of this dislike for his father and the way his father chooses to live his life he decides to become the complete opposite of him. So to do so Okonkwo becomes a fierce wrestler and the greatest in the nine surrounding clans. So this gives him a great start in life even though that his father got him off on a bad foot and gave him much respect among all the villagers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Then we start to learn about the violent temper that Okonkwo has. Everyone wasn’t scared of him they just respected him because of his wrestling capabilities. Until the incident occurred during Peace Week. During this time there was to be no violence among anyone in the villages. At all. But Okonkwo beat his wife badly because of one minor thing. She cut some leaves off of the banana tree to cook his food in to make it taste better.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Then one day Okonkwo accidentally shot and killed a young boy in his village. For most villagers that would have meant death but for a high ranking Okonkwo it meant seven years of exile. This sounds bad and, is pretty bad but this is probable the best thing for him. This thought him to think before he acts upon his anger. During Okonkwo’s time in exile many things changed in the village, the mercenaries came and converted many of the villagers and built churches. So when Okonkwo was released from exile this patients that he acquired was probably the best thing for when he arrived or he probably would have been killed immediately.

Equal participation of women in all fields Essay

If you are educating a women, you are educating a whole family. In today’s world equal participation of women in all fields has become very important. Now we cannot say that women can’t do anything that the men can do and in such a world where women can do whatever they want to. Nobody can stop them. For example today’s women are joining army,taking part in business, stock markets and what not and the most amazing thing about women are that they are multitalented BUT SOME PEOPLE DO NOT ALLOW WOMEN TO PROGRESS AND VIOLET THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS. SUCH PEOPLE HAVE NARROW THINKING. Liberation OF WOMEN HAS TAKEN A LOT OF TIME BUT IT IS NOT COMPLETED. As per the statistics data, Literacy rate increased from 8% to 55% from 1971 to 2001, work & employment increased from 14% to 40% In administrative and political area only 10 -12%. Only 3% of Judges are women This is not enough. What is hindering equal opportunity? Managing home and work   Social Evils . Ignorance or Lack of Awareness & Safety What is the solution? Education, Empowerment and Enforcement. Develop from childhood .Introduce stringent laws and enforcement Provide Better Transport and Working conditions Women play a critical role in the overall progress of a country as they constitute half the human resources of a nation. The economic wealth of a country is seriously depleted if about half of the nation’s human resource is neglected .

Dealing with Complaints Essay

You know I have just moved to a new region and noticed the advertisement near by my house. I would like to know about your internet services. – Sure. first of all I want to know for what do you need the internet? For work? For communication? or may be for online games? – well, I think mostly for communication with my relatives abroad. -Ok, then how often do you use internet? -every day. – I have choose some variants for you. What kind of tariff do you prefer? limited or unlimited? unlimited, I think. – so there are 23$ and 17$ variants. Â  a days ago I have bought a new coat and didn’t noticed that there is a big hole inside! – oh, we are really sorry for it. ou can choose from several options: to refund, to replace or to repair it. -I think replacement is what I want. -wait me a minute. I’ll be back soon. Here it is. – thank you. -we apologies again for this defect How can I help you? – I would like to choose a mobile phone for present for my wife. -Well I can offer you this models. Women like it most of all. -Very good. My wife like to make a photos, so I need good camera within the phone. -ok, this models have a 16 megapixels camera. But I would recommend you this phone. It has wi-fi and 3g functions, big sized screen. Moreover this screen can react on nails! – that’s what I need. What is the price for it? -oh, lucky you! Right now we have sale on all phones of this series. It costs only 640$!!! -great. Can you say some words about the guarantees? – Of cause, it has a guarantee on 2 years. With opportunity to refund or replace it if something will go wrong. I forgot to said that it is available in 5 colors: black, white, pink, yellow and blue.

Free Essays on How Would You Characterize The Renaissance’s Approach To The Classical World

How would you characterize the renaissance’s approach to the classical world? The renaissance was a time of change. The future was eminent yet many found themselves looking back to a time of old; to the time of great buildings and sculptures; when art and creation were rampant. The classical world held the mind of many people of the time. The renaissance saw the classical world as an ideal to be incorporated into the works of the creative of the day. Italy had the strongest opinion of the classical world. Romans especially believed that the roman style of architecture, literature, theater, art exc. were the ideal models for their types. When Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Empire the scholars of the city grabbed all the archived materials and escaped back to Rome. Luckily Johannes Gutenberg just finished the printing press. Aldus Manutius got a little printing shop going just as the scripts and books were coming in. these pieces were ancient Greek and roman pieces that had never been duplicated and few had ever seen. He printed all the classical works he could get his hands on. He also was keenly interested in making smaller compact books for scholars. As the works of the past became readily available to those of the renaissance; people in Rome began to look around them and notice that they were living in a city that was the greatest in the world at one time. Works like Vitruvius’ architecture that described how to re-create a roman city, including a theater, inspired new growth. Roman theaters were built. Sculptures were being modeled after ones of old. Michelangelo recreated a sculpture so believably classic that he put it in the ground and dug it up to sell as classic! The times were a changing. This influx in change also came intensely across in the plays of the day. The new plays written in the old style created the model for neoclassicism. The ideals of neoclassicism grew and traveled to France then through Europe... Free Essays on How Would You Characterize The Renaissance’s Approach To The Classical World Free Essays on How Would You Characterize The Renaissance’s Approach To The Classical World How would you characterize the renaissance’s approach to the classical world? The renaissance was a time of change. The future was eminent yet many found themselves looking back to a time of old; to the time of great buildings and sculptures; when art and creation were rampant. The classical world held the mind of many people of the time. The renaissance saw the classical world as an ideal to be incorporated into the works of the creative of the day. Italy had the strongest opinion of the classical world. Romans especially believed that the roman style of architecture, literature, theater, art exc. were the ideal models for their types. When Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Empire the scholars of the city grabbed all the archived materials and escaped back to Rome. Luckily Johannes Gutenberg just finished the printing press. Aldus Manutius got a little printing shop going just as the scripts and books were coming in. these pieces were ancient Greek and roman pieces that had never been duplicated and few had ever seen. He printed all the classical works he could get his hands on. He also was keenly interested in making smaller compact books for scholars. As the works of the past became readily available to those of the renaissance; people in Rome began to look around them and notice that they were living in a city that was the greatest in the world at one time. Works like Vitruvius’ architecture that described how to re-create a roman city, including a theater, inspired new growth. Roman theaters were built. Sculptures were being modeled after ones of old. Michelangelo recreated a sculpture so believably classic that he put it in the ground and dug it up to sell as classic! The times were a changing. This influx in change also came intensely across in the plays of the day. The new plays written in the old style created the model for neoclassicism. The ideals of neoclassicism grew and traveled to France then through Europe...

Vital Records of Birth, Marriage and Death in France

Vital Records of Birth, Marriage and Death in France Civil registration of births, deaths, and marriages in France began in 1792. Because these records cover the entire population, are easily accessible and indexed, and include people of all denominations, they are a vital resource for French genealogy research. The information presented varies by locality and time period but often includes the individuals date and place of birth and the names of the parents and/or spouse. One additional bonus of French civil records  is that birth records often include what is known as margin entries, handwritten notes made in the side margin, which can lead to additional records. From 1897, these margin entries will often include marriage information (date and location). Divorces are generally noted from 1939, deaths from 1945, and legal separations from 1958. The best part of French civil registration records, however, is that so many of them are now available online. Records of civil registration are typically held in registries in the local mairie (town hall), with copies deposited each year with the local magistrates court. Records over 100 years old are placed in the Archives Dà ©partementales (series E) and are available for public consultation. It is possible to obtain access to the more recent records, but they are not usually not available online due to privacy restrictions, and you will generally be required to prove, through the use of birth certificates, your direct descent from the person in question. Many Departmental Archives have placed portions of their holdings online, often beginning with the actes detat civils (civil records). Unfortunately, online access to the indexes and digital images has been restricted to events older than  120 years by the Commission nationale de linformatique et des libertà ©s (CNIL). How to Locate French Civil Registration Records Locate the Town/CommuneThe important first step is to identify and approximate date of a birth, marriage, or death, and the city or town in France in which it occurred. Generally knowing just the department or region of France is not enough, although there are some cases such as the Tables darrondissement de Versailles which indexes the actes dà ©tat civil across 114 communes (1843-1892) in the Yvelines department. Most civil registration records, however, are accessible only by knowing the town - unless, that is, you have the patience to wade page by page through the records of dozens if not hundreds of different communes. Identify the DepartmentOnce you have identified the town, the next step is to identify the department that now holds those records by locating the town (commune) on a map, or using an Internet search such as lutzelhouse department france.  In large cities, such as Nice or Paris, there may be many civil registration districts, so unless you can identify the approximate location within the city where they lived, you may have no choice but to browse through the records of multiple registration districts. With this information, next locate the online holdings of the Archives Dà ©partementales for your ancestors commune, by either consulting an online directory such as French Genealogy Records Online, or use your favorite search engine, to search for the name of the archives (e.g. bas rhin archives) plus etat civil. Tables Annuelles and Tables Dà ©cennalesIf the civil registers are available online through the departmental archives, there will generally be a function to search or browse to the correct commune. If the year of the event is known, then you can then browse directly to the register for that year, and then turn to the back of the register for the tables annuelles, an alphabetical listing of names and dates, organized by event type - birth (naissance), marriage (mariage), and death (dà ©cà ¨s), along with the entry number (not page number). If you are not sure of the exact year of the event, then look for a link to the Tables Dà ©cennales, often referred to as the TD. These ten-year indexes list all names in each event category alphabetically, or grouped by the first letter of the last name, and then chronologically by the date of the event. With the information from the tables dà ©cennales you can then access the register for that particular year and browse directly to the portion of the register for the event in question, and then chronologically to the date of the event. What to Expect Most French civil registers of birth, marriage, and death are written in French, though this doesnt present a great difficulty to non-French speaking researchers as the format is basically the same for most records. All you need to do is learn a few basic French words (e.g.  naissancebirth) and you can read pretty much any French civil register. This French Genealogical Word List includes most of the common genealogy terms in English, along with their French equivalents. The exception is the localities that at some point in history were under the control of a different government. In Alsace-Lorraine, for example, some civil registers are in German. In Nice and Corse, some are in Italian.

Break Dancing

Being a disc jockey or better knows as a D], dance is apart of my Job. Seeing all types of dance to all types of music every day of my life. I have probably seen It all, thats why It Is hard for me to talk so passionately about one single dance clip when I have seen so much, until I saw this http://www. Youth. Com/watch? V=7KZgCJDQQPM. This video contains the dancing of one of the best b-borers also knows as break-dancers in the entire world. He is voted number one in Korea for break dancing.Break Nanning Is a combination of a D], hip-hop, beat boxing, and of course dancing. It Is a six step performance leading Into a power move then finally a freeze, a moment when the dancer completely stops moving holding a difficult position. It started in New-York and grew up mainly around hip-hop. Break dancing spread quickly to Korea and Japan in the eighties but became popular in the early nineties. The reason this specific video of break dancing stands out so much Is because of the music he Is dancing to and because it keeps his cultural background while bringing in new and citing feeling to the dance.Music drives us all, weather it be through our day, through hard times, or good times. The incorporation of Johann Bachelors, Canon in D, the extremely popular classical song, with a Korean folk song sends a chill down my spine. The most significant moment to me in the video is at one minute and forty eight seconds when the music calms down and the beat boxing stops, all you hear is the traditional Korean instruments in the background and see a freeze by the dancer that looks nearly Impossible.The dancer Is balancing his entire body on his hand sideways for the ;freeze portion of the six step dance. Since this Is a type of dancing created in the streets by people on the streets, the dancer has just that look. He is wearing what looks to be older sneakers, baggy pants, and a black tank top. Even though the video Is professional the choreographer made sure it did not lose the originality of the dance. The room Is dark, with one light shining down In the middle and what looks to be two T. V screens in the back with musicians playing the music he s starting to dance to.As the video camera moves throughout the room you see different television screens hanging from the roof each with a different shot of the disc Jockey and the beat boxer In the clip. When the moment that stood out most to me comes around we see he does his freeze with the same television screens that we saw in the beginning of the video with the instruments in the back except this time he is holding a difficult pose. The lighting still dim with one light down the middle where the dancer takes his place to show his Intense skills.We see the dancer evolve more and more while his surrounding still remaining the same. The second more interesting moment in the video was from thirty three seconds to forty-two seconds. In the television screen we see the Dc scratching his disks while in the distant screen on the roof we see the beat boxer In his red Jersey while In the middle of it all the professional break dancer Is dancing on his hands upside-down. Then he Is 1 OFF where the light is not passing his boundaries, flowing from one dance move to the next making it look effortless.He does not stop his arms and legs except for the power moves, his body bending to its full potential, and breaking the rules of gravity. The feeling I was getting while watching the dancer was something else. We see dancers putting in all their efforts when in a competition of some sort. This dancer was different the energy put into the dance looks like it is in front of thousands of people, when in reality he is alone in the room, it throws off the viewer in a sense that they automatically realize there is something different about this video.The entire died was recurring in a sense as in the way the video flowed, but when it came down to it the dance moves they stood out because they were all different. The beat boxer was doing exactly the same thing every time he appeared, the DC was constantly doing the same thing scratching the disks when he came up on the television screens in the background. That is what made the dancer stick out more and more, his clothes were exactly the same the entire video. It is obvious the choreographer wants to emphasize the dance moves to the viewer and of course the music that goes hand n hand with every move he does.In conclusion we see the cultural bac kground of this video mixed with modern day styles of clothing, dance, and music. It releases a euphoric feeling throughout my body seeing the dance while hearing the classical song Canon in D played with instruments of the cultural background of the dancer. The choreographer wanted to make sure the audience really saw the dance for what it was by not getting fancy with additional buffs, yet did not threaten the creativity of the video.

The economic and accounting concepts of Income Essay

The economic and accounting concepts of Income - Essay Example It is impossible to arrive at the accounting income without going through accounting equation. i.e. adding up what the accounting records say belongs to the business and deducting what they say the business owes. This gives us the accounting income which essentially shows what an individual or a business is worth according to those accounting records. The accounting income therefore takes into account the fact that that no business will be set up to start trading in the absence of recourses which in most cases are supplied by the owner of the business. Usually, it is not only then owner of the business supplying resources, but other people s well other than the owner. The amounts owing to these other people for their assets in the business is called liabilities Accounting income , therefore can be called the owner 's equity or net worth, since it comprises of the funds invested in the business by the owner plus any profits retained for use in the business less any share of profit paid out of the business to the owner. The following is an illustration of a balance sheet. Balance sheet as at ________________________________________________________________________ Fixed assets CapitalFree hold premises xx Furniture and fittings xx Long Term, Liabilities xx Motor Vans xx Loan for 5 Years xx Current Assets Trading Debtors xx Trading stock xx Cash at Bank xx Short term Liabilities Trading Debtors xxShort term Loans xx Institution of all kinds prepare income statements even governments of Government bodies

The advantages and disadvantages of electronic books Essay

The advantages and disadvantages of electronic books - Essay Example Furthermore, personal readers from Amazon and Sony have been experiencing a breakthrough in the commercial business and this has attracted popular press and business. There has been rising interest in the academic field for the usage of e- books owing to their convenience and increasing printing costs. This paper gives a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of e-books and gives recommendations on how to improve in their usage. In spite of the numerous disadvantages associated with the use of e- books, different users are gradually accepting their use in the academic and commercial fields (Steve, 32). In the recent times, e- books have gained popularity due to the several advantages they have over printed books. There are numerous advantages linked with the usage of e- books that are discussed below. According to a recent survey conducted among users, the main advantages were found to be ability to search key words, ease of access from dif ferent locations; they are environmentally friendly and portable (Anuradha and Usha 47). It is clear that users value the ability to search information in detail, time saving abilities and their convenience. E- Books are more efficient since if one is looking for a particular topic they can apply a search feature to get the relevant internet pages that are worth checking out. In addition to, e- books are ranked in order of importance hence the reader can establish the credible ones (Staiger 367). E- Books offer customized display since the user can adjust them according to their desires. They can make the print bigger or smaller depending on their wish or even minimize the web page. E- Books are an amazing way of preserving past literature (Grant). This is through the digitization of historical collections that leads to the creation of a knowledge base and restoration of cultures. E- Books enable audio translation and this enables the readers to privately listen to the information o n the book. This improves learning and has massive benefits for the visually impaired users. Additionally, e- books are easy to navigate and search for information. In relation to this, e- books enhance interactivity and allow the use of different learning styles (Grant). Moreover, e- books offer privacy as it is difficult to see what one is reading (Jeong). E- Books have a positive impact on the environment. This is because e- books minimize the amount of paper used for printing since they do not require any printing paper. In the long run, it will lead to the conservation of trees (The Economist). It is easy to transfer information that is contained in e- books and this is convenient for travellers and long – distance learners. At the same time e- books are free from problems of wear and tear, theft and the risk of being misplaced. The dictionary function makes learning of new words and concepts easier as one can easily find out the definition of a word by simply clicking o n it (Siriginidi, 371) . E- Books allow for the integration of social sites such as Twitter and Facebook thereby facilitating sharing of information (Siriginidi, 256). Additionally, it enhances the making and taking of notes and this leaves a digital trail for future student (Shelburne 60). This also benefits book clubs and recreational readers. E- Books offer divers e choice to the readers as they can have as many books as they

Long Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Long Proposal - Essay Example Since we are going to apply our project to find the solutions of the RTD parking for people who are in trouble due to mismanagement and due to parking issues at RTD, we will be working all the community workers who are responsible to manage RTD parking, all people who are using RTD space as parking lots and all customers who are influenced by TRD parking shortage. The audience includes community staff, fellow students, passersby, customers. We will also be utilizing blue print documents and maps of the RTD parking areas. Our proposal is interlinked with what we have studied at university level. It is related because it deals with our problems as we are regular passengers of RTD, we are directly influenced by RTD parking problem, among many who are directly or indirectly influenced by these problems. RTD parking lots unavailability has direct influence on all students who require to purchase pass through school and being not able to utilize this pass have repercussions like it portray s financial burden on schools to provide transportation services to the students who are in need. Students studying business communication are worse hit by RTD problems because they are dependent on the RTD parking to attend their classes.

Article Analyses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article Analyses - Essay Example It has been opined by scholars that such organizational â€Å"dysfunctions can be overcome when members of well-designed teams collaborate to formulate and implement a performance strategy that is uniquely suited to task and situational requirements †¦. Explicit co-ordination processes are necessary for tasks that are highly interdependent †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Woolley, et. al. 354). Any work of analysis encompasses several steps and unless there is a close proximity between all these steps it becomes tough for members to produce an effective team work. Thus, simple integration with specific strategy planning is not sufficient but it is also equally important that leader of the team should attempt to ensure the elements of mutual communication as well as assistance. Unless the leader has sufficient â€Å"spatial† and â€Å"object memory ability† (Woolley, et. al. 355), the members cannot be managed properly. More or less, members of a team are required to have these qua lities but in practical situation, it is not possible that they would be experts in exercising of both these qualities. Thus, for the purpose of maintaining balance in team performance, it is required that members would complement and supplement each other. However, such process of complementing cannot be fulfilled only with expertise of the leader (â€Å"coordinating member†); rather â€Å"interpersonal diversity† of members and their respective â€Å"personal skills and experience† are also necessary to fill up the gaps (Woolley, et. al. 356). In order to overcome these problems, in case of organizational functioning of a team associated with analytical jobs, systematic evaluation of data and searching for proper modes of evidence are very important. Unless proper coordination can be ensured among team members, there will be gap amongst assimilating these two most crucial steps of analytics. Consequently,

MACRO AND MICRO ECONOMICS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MACRO AND MICRO ECONOMICS - Research Paper Example Advantages of Command Economy 1. Facilitates the realization of an economy’s long term goals and objectives hence rapid development Central to the command economy is â€Å"a central planning authority† (Fernando 2011, p.115). In this kind of economy, the state establishes development goals and targets, which the planning authority plans, executes, supervises, and evaluates. The authority establishes targets and administers control aimed at realization of the overall development and economic growth objectives. The objectives usually include stability of prices, faster economic growth, and reduction of inequalities of income to avoid market failure. 2. Reduction of income and wealth inequality Command economy ensures equitable wealth distribution, which cushions any market failure in the economy. The health and education standards are also relatively higher in a command economy (â€Å"Guiding development† n.d.). For instance, in 1980s China and India had similar pe r capita incomes but China had higher primary education levels and life expectancy (â€Å"Guiding development† n.d.). Disadvantages of Command Economy 1). Misplaced Incentives- The producer’s and investors are discouraged since their efforts do not pay off well as they should. In planned economy, the state often rewards the hardworking people only with fame and honors rather than the kind of incentives any investor looks for which is profits. The planned economy focuses on equitable wealth distribution which and therefore the workers and producers are less motivated to put efforts in what they do. 2). Failure of co-ordination- Planned economies try to co-ordinate the entire economic decisions regarding production, investments, consumption, and trade made by producers and consumers. The efficiency of such regulations lacks particularly where mismatch occurs between the supply of products and the demand by consumers. Bottlenecks in production lead to a shortage of some g oods. This happens since planners may not necessarily know most essential needs to consumers at every point in time. A good example of the failure in co-ordination is what happened to Soviet Union in the late 1980s- there was a shortage in food storage and transportation while the supply of TV sets was ample (Lipsey & Chrystal 2007, p.3). 3). Slow decision making and wastes of resources- Command economy often needs many planners to run the control system which leads to slow decision making. This single control authority is charged with decisions about allocation of production means among different sectors, branches, and uses as well as the distribution of all goods. Slow decision and action about perishable goods often results in wastes. 4). Less dynamic technology economy- Few incentives to innovate leads to limited innovations. Planned economies remain behind in most of their technology with the exception of military and rocket science. This was seen in Soviet Union, which was usi ng the West’s 1930s technology in 1950s and in China which later borrowed the outdated technology from Soviet Union 5) Political repression- Governments in planned economy own the means of control and dictation of economic production and therefore civil liberties cannot be enjoyed. Conclusion The command economy has very many disadvantages and just a few advantages. Command economy is infamous and has been observed to be unstable in countries like the former Soviet Union and China where it was practiced. Trade between nations Introduction Trade between nations has the benefits for all participating countries. To some extent, all countries rely

Long Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Long Proposal - Essay Example Since we are going to apply our project to find the solutions of the RTD parking for people who are in trouble due to mismanagement and due to parking issues at RTD, we will be working all the community workers who are responsible to manage RTD parking, all people who are using RTD space as parking lots and all customers who are influenced by TRD parking shortage. The audience includes community staff, fellow students, passersby, customers. We will also be utilizing blue print documents and maps of the RTD parking areas. Our proposal is interlinked with what we have studied at university level. It is related because it deals with our problems as we are regular passengers of RTD, we are directly influenced by RTD parking problem, among many who are directly or indirectly influenced by these problems. RTD parking lots unavailability has direct influence on all students who require to purchase pass through school and being not able to utilize this pass have repercussions like it portray s financial burden on schools to provide transportation services to the students who are in need. Students studying business communication are worse hit by RTD problems because they are dependent on the RTD parking to attend their classes.

MACRO AND MICRO ECONOMICS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MACRO AND MICRO ECONOMICS - Research Paper Example Advantages of Command Economy 1. Facilitates the realization of an economy’s long term goals and objectives hence rapid development Central to the command economy is â€Å"a central planning authority† (Fernando 2011, p.115). In this kind of economy, the state establishes development goals and targets, which the planning authority plans, executes, supervises, and evaluates. The authority establishes targets and administers control aimed at realization of the overall development and economic growth objectives. The objectives usually include stability of prices, faster economic growth, and reduction of inequalities of income to avoid market failure. 2. Reduction of income and wealth inequality Command economy ensures equitable wealth distribution, which cushions any market failure in the economy. The health and education standards are also relatively higher in a command economy (â€Å"Guiding development† n.d.). For instance, in 1980s China and India had similar pe r capita incomes but China had higher primary education levels and life expectancy (â€Å"Guiding development† n.d.). Disadvantages of Command Economy 1). Misplaced Incentives- The producer’s and investors are discouraged since their efforts do not pay off well as they should. In planned economy, the state often rewards the hardworking people only with fame and honors rather than the kind of incentives any investor looks for which is profits. The planned economy focuses on equitable wealth distribution which and therefore the workers and producers are less motivated to put efforts in what they do. 2). Failure of co-ordination- Planned economies try to co-ordinate the entire economic decisions regarding production, investments, consumption, and trade made by producers and consumers. The efficiency of such regulations lacks particularly where mismatch occurs between the supply of products and the demand by consumers. Bottlenecks in production lead to a shortage of some g oods. This happens since planners may not necessarily know most essential needs to consumers at every point in time. A good example of the failure in co-ordination is what happened to Soviet Union in the late 1980s- there was a shortage in food storage and transportation while the supply of TV sets was ample (Lipsey & Chrystal 2007, p.3). 3). Slow decision making and wastes of resources- Command economy often needs many planners to run the control system which leads to slow decision making. This single control authority is charged with decisions about allocation of production means among different sectors, branches, and uses as well as the distribution of all goods. Slow decision and action about perishable goods often results in wastes. 4). Less dynamic technology economy- Few incentives to innovate leads to limited innovations. Planned economies remain behind in most of their technology with the exception of military and rocket science. This was seen in Soviet Union, which was usi ng the West’s 1930s technology in 1950s and in China which later borrowed the outdated technology from Soviet Union 5) Political repression- Governments in planned economy own the means of control and dictation of economic production and therefore civil liberties cannot be enjoyed. Conclusion The command economy has very many disadvantages and just a few advantages. Command economy is infamous and has been observed to be unstable in countries like the former Soviet Union and China where it was practiced. Trade between nations Introduction Trade between nations has the benefits for all participating countries. To some extent, all countries rely

What evidence is there to suggest that Hamlet Essay Example for Free

What evidence is there to suggest that Hamlet Essay What evidence is there to suggest that Hamlet would have become a successful leader of Denmark had he survived? In the final scene Forthinbras declares that Hamlet, Was likely, had he been put on, To have proved most royal; By examining traits of Hamlets character and comparing his to the characters of others in positions of power I will discuss whether this statement is correct. In Act 1 Scene 2 Shakespeare shows Hamlet has many leadership qualities. He is kind to Horatio when he tries to make out he is a truant. I would not hear your enemy say so. He has created a strong friendship with Horatio and the guards, Marcellus and Barnardo, respect him even though he has not become King. He can discuss his grief over his fathers death frankly and openly with them. This show of trust for, and respect from, his piers is very important in a prospective leader. Hamlet is bitingly witty when talking of his fathers funeral and mothers wedding. Thrift, thrift, Horatio. The funeral baked meats Did coldly furnish the marriage tables. This not only shows his bitterness but also his sharp intelligence. At other points in the play Hamlets intelligence and wit are shown in his feigned madness. An example of this is when he is ridiculing Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. I am but mad north-north-west. When the wind is southerly, I know a hawk from a handsaw. The meaning of this riddle is clear but Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are clearly bewildered. This shows Hamlets intellectual superiority over his schoolfellows. In Act One Scene Two Hamlet goes on to exhibit his ability to question the men very shrewdly about the sightings of the Ghost. His questions are direct, penetrating and enable him to gain the information he needs. This is emphasised by the short, sharp sentences and the hard f sounds used. Then you saw not his face? What, looked he frowningly? This would be a valuable quality for a leader in a crisis when the details needed to be known. Hamlet is shown to have the positive resolution of a leader here as he determines to watch for the Ghost that night. However he never loses sight of reason by being caught up in the excitement and is still able to reflect on the need for caution. He tells the guards, If you have hitherto concealed this sight, Let it be tenable in your silence still Conversing with the devil goes against the laws of Christianity and so they need to keep the sightings a secret to protect themselves. It is a mark of Hamlets leadership that the men obey him in this. Hamlet is very astute and cannot be easily deceived. He sees through the spies, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, immediately despite their efforts at pleasantry. You were sent for and there is a kind of confession in your looks A lesser person may have trusted them and revealed the whole situation to them but Hamlet does not endanger himself by doing this. He compares them to a sponge that soaks up the kings countenance, his rewards, his authorities. When he needs you what you have gleaned, it is but squeezing you, and, sponge, you shall be dry again. This is a very perceptive and truthful image of the way in which Claudius treats them. Shakespeare provides other examples of leadership within Hamlet to highlight Hamlets own qualities or flaws. An example is Claudius, the current King of Denmark. In contrast to Hamlet he lacks the discerning nature needed in a leader. His failure to grasp the full danger presented by Fortinbras and his advancing army prove fatal to Denmark. Claudius chooses to rely on politics and negotiation to win his wars and so is fooled by the report brought by his ambassadors. It is clear to the audience that Fortinbras has a strong motive for invading Denmark to revenge his fathers murder and the ground that he supposedly fights for in Poland hath in it no profit but the name. Claudius also fails to understand Polonius character and places too much trust on his judgement in state matters. Polonius influence is shown. Thou still hast been the father of good news This misjudgement proves fatal for Claudius because the news Polonius brings of Hamlets madness being that of a distracted lover in Act Two Scene Two is incorrect. Claudius is distracted from taking any steps to remove Hamlet because of this. Hamlets own perceptiveness is shown again in his understanding of Polonius as he aptly describes him as a foolish, prating knave. However Claudius has qualities such as ruthlessness, that make him a good leader, and which, Hamlet is lacking. When Claudius has realised the full threat Hamlet poses to him he has no quibbles about having him sent to his death in England immediately. Hamlet only possesses this strength when he seals the letter to have Rosencrantz and Guildenstern killed. He declares, They are not near my conscience. Claudius has the character of a leader who wants to drink and party in the style of royalty with his people. This may make him popular with some but Hamlet takes this view against Claudius custom, It is a custom More honoured in the breach than in the observance. Hamlet has uptight morals that are fitting for a leader who must set an example to his people. Hamlet understands politics and wants the people of Denmark to be respected by those in other countries and not cleped drunkards as they are under Claudius rule. Hamlet feels a greater responsibility for the reputation of his country than Claudius does and so is more kingly. A quality a political leader shown in both Claudius and Hamlet is their use of language to cover up their true meaning. Hamlet does so in his madness when he produces veiled threats against Claudius in his riddles. Claudius skill is more developed and successful in execution. His opening speech is full of rhetorical artifice; he is contradicting himself but the audience have to listen hard to pick this up. For example he says. With mirth in funeral and with dirge in marriage He is talking about the incest that has occurred in his marrying his dead brothers wife but his eloquent language and smooth, flowing speech hides the meaning well. Shakespeare uses young Fortinbras of Norway as an exact parallel to Hamlets character. His own father has been murdered and his uncle has taken his throne. However Fortinbras is opposite to the reflective, moralising Hamlet. He is a man of umimprovi d mettle hot and full. Fortinbras is uninhibited and can boldly take action to revenge Denmark for his fathers murder. His plan is simple but he easily tricks Claudius and achieves his aim as he takes control of Denmark in the final scene. Shakespeare shows in Act Four Scene Four that he considers Fortinbras direct active response is better then Hamlets reflective one as Fortinbras presence makes Hamlet conscious of his own failings. Now whether it be Beastial oblivion, or some craven scruple Of thinking too precisely on th event- Shakespeare shows how Hamlet moralises over the deed too much and ends up being cowardly. Hamlet cannot match the intrepid delicate and tender price that can lead twenty thousand men to war for the sake of a straw. The presence of Fortinbras causes Hamlet to take up his fight with resolution. My thoughts be bloody or nothing worth. Through the play we see this growth of Hamlets character a progression to what Fortinbras is able to be. Hamlet overcomes his reticence in allowing Claudius to take his throne by asserting his right to it as he declares in Act Five Scene One, . This is I, Hamlet the Dane At this point Hamlet may truly be called royal and worthy of being King. Despite all Hamlets kingly qualities the view of Ophelia in Act Three Scene One must be considered. She believes that through feigning madness Hamlet has destroyed all the virtues he was previously warrant to. Oh what a nobler mind is here oerthrown! This means that Hamlet has disqualified himself from the chance being elected to the throne as he has destroyed his own self. This may be a just argument but we must consider the true extent of Hamlets insanity and believe that Hamlet would be able to return to his intelligent and discerning self after Claudius death. In the final scene Shakespeare shows us that Hamlet couldnt be successful leader of Denmark. He still has not the tenacity to take his revenge. He only kills Claudius in retaliation to an attack upon himself and not because of any merit of his own. This procrastination would be a serious failing in a prospective leader because ruthless decisions and actions would need to be taken without the moralising that Hamlets character exemplifies. His other qualities, though still intact despite the feigned madness, would not compensate for his lack of resolution. Shakespeare highlights this flaw by including the characters of Claudius and Fortinbras who are both ruthless and decisive.

Importance Of Continual Self Development Management Essay

Importance Of Continual Self Development Management Essay One of the approaches to leadership is the traits approach as identified by Mullins, 1999 where the assumption is that leaders are born and not created based on the theory of the so-called Great Person theory of leadership. However most of the major existing theories provide the basis that leadership skills can be developed such as the contingency model analyses the leadership styles which can be identified and learned to develop leadership skills. Although leadership and management are seen similar but it has some distinction such as; leaders may not have a hierarchical position but the manager has which was identified by (Mullins, 1999); Leadership does not necessarily take place within the hierarchical structure of the organisation. To be an effective manager it is necessary to exercise the role of leadership (Mullins, 1999). The focus of my work will be on the personal development of managerial leadership where the manager is a leader within a formal hierarchical structure and the word manager and leader has been used interchangeably. For developing leadership and managerial skills the primary initiatives must come from the individual where the opportunities are provided by an organisation. 1. Be Able to Assess and Plan for Personal Professional Development (LO 1) 1.1. The Importance of Continual Self-Development in Achieving Organisational Objectives (AC 1.1) Continuous self-development is the continuous process of developing oneself by building his/her competencies and realizing his/her potential (Rothwell, 2010). Since leaders get others to follow (Mullins, 1999) a leader cannot build talent in others if the leader cannot do it her/him-self (Rothwell, 2010). A leader should realise the importance of continual self-development. The basic concept of continuous self-development has been derived from the concept of continuous development and its objective is to achieve organisational objectives through the recognition of the links between learning and performance (Martin, 2005). An organisation is a group of individuals and as individuals develop, so do the organisations that employ them (Martin, 2005). The performance of employees is directly linked to organisational performance hence the achievement of organisational objectives and the performance of employees can be improved through continuous self-development process. 1.2. Assessment of Current Skills and Competencies against Defined Role Requirements and Organisational Objectives (AC 1.2) Sainsburys is the second retail company in UK (Retail-Index.com, 2012) has various leadership roles and here is an assessment of the skills and competencies requirements against the roles of a cafà © department manager and related company objectives; Skills and Competencies Requirements Role Requirements of a Department Manager of a Depot Company Objectives Related to the Role of Department Manager Leadership skills; Leadership skills are required for the specified role since the department manager needs to lead a group of people in the department and the manager is responsible for them. Knowledge of health and safety requirements are important for the role as the manager will have to ensure safe and secure environment for both customers and other employees. Other skills related with the operations. And all the above skills are required to fulfil the responsibilities and to achieve the objectives. To lead the entire customer restaurant operation to provide a delicious range of meals, snacks and beverages. This will involve providing leadership and coach to colleagues, making sure everyone is in the right place at the right time, and ensuring a safe and secure environment (Sainsburys, 2012). The objective of the cafà © department is to delivering an ever-improving shopping experience for the customers of Sainsburys (Sainsburys, 2012). 1.3. Identifying Development Opportunities to Meet Current and Future Defined Needs (AC 1.3) Here the development opportunities have been identified to meet the current and future needs of the role of a department manager of Sainsburys; Current Skills Needs Future Skills Needs of 2020 Leaders of Sainsburys Development Opportunities The current skills that are required for a department manager are; Extensive leadership skills, Customer service knowledge, Operational knowledge. According to Sainsburys during the next decade, the retail sector will become a very different place (Sainsburys, 2012). To achieve the 2020 vision Sainsburys need the 2020 leaders with different skills and competencies such as; Individuals with; Outstanding intellect, Business acumen and ambition (Sainsburys, 2012). The development opportunities that will be provided by Sainsburys to meet the skills and competencies needs of a department manager under the 2020 leadership programme will be in two phases. First phase: The first phase will involve an introduction to various operational areas such as stores and logistics and then move to Sainsburys local where the manager will be trained on a wider range of retail issues than in a single department (Sainsburys, 2012). The second phase; involves developing the management skills as a Deputy Store Manager or Shift Manager, supply chain management skills, exceptional customer services etc. (Sainsburys, 2012). 1.4. Constructing a Personal Development Plan (AC 1.4) A personal development plan sets out the actions people propose to take to learn and to develop themselves (Armstrong, 2003). The responsibility is taken by the individual and the support is provided by the organisation and their managers. The purpose is to provide a self-organised learning framework as identified by Tamkin, Barber and Hirsh (1995) (Armstrong, 2003). A personal development plan follows the following steps as identified by (Armstrong, 2003); Analyse current situation and development needs Set goals Preparing an action plan Here a personal development plan as a cafà © department manager in Sainsburys has been constructed below; Analysis of current situation and development needs; Current situation; A newly graduate joined as a cafà © manager. No previous work experience Development needs; To obtain operational knowledge, To obtain leadership skills, To obtain knowledge about customer services. To improve innovative and creative skills to contribute to the performance of the Sainsburys cafà ©. (Challenging) Set goals; goals is set to the areas of development needs and they are SMART. Specific: the goals should not be vague. Measureable: the goals needs to be recognised when achieved. Achievable: setting realistic goals. Relevant: have a connection with the development needs. Time bound: there is a time period for achieving the goals. Here are the SMRT and challenging goals for the development needs identified in step one; To read through the operational manual over one month to obtain operational knowledge and perform an MCQ test on operational knowledge. To study books on leadership development and use of coaching and mentor to develop leadership skills for six months and to achieve feedback from the employees. To seek for training on customer services management form the company within six months. To talk with the customers and try to identify their needs and innovate new systems or product idea for improving the performance of the cafà © department. (Challenging) Prepare action plans; The action plan for achieving the operational knowledge might be for example; to collect the operational manual from the office and make copy of them and arrange timely discussion with the senior manager to clearly understand the issues. 2. Be Abel to Plan for the Resources Required for Personal Development (LO 2) 2.1. Identifying the Resources Required to Support the Personal Development Plan (AC 2.1) A personal development plan has been developed in the previous section here the resource requirement has been identified to support the personal development plan; The availability of operational manual and access to it and also online learning resources to so that the operational knowledge can be obtained quickly. An arrangement of training facilities with academic institutions to improve the leadership skills of employees and also different coaching and mentoring facilities to improve the leadership skills. Training and workshop facilities for improving knowledge on customer services. Facilities and options of customer survey to be conducted by the departmental manager so that the departmental manager can develop innovative ideas. 2.2. Developing a Business Case to Secure the Resources to Support the Personal Development (AC 2.2) A business case is a justification of pursuing a course of action in an organisational context to meet stated organisational objectives or goals (Remenyi, 1999). The business case will look at how investment on resources required to support the personal development plan will help achieving various objectives of an organisation; Investment on the resources as identified in section 2.1 will ensure that not only a departmental manager but also other employees will be benefitted to improve their skills and skilled employees will make organisational operations efficient and effective and organisational objectives will be achieved such as minimising costs by improving the efficiency of the organisation. The cafà © department of Sainsburys requires highly skilled employees and with good knowledge of customer services. Investment on personal development resources will help the employees of Sainsburys cafà © department to improve their skills and knowledge with their self-initiatives and in a self-managed learning environment. Employees will improve their efficiency and will reduce the wastage level and minimise the costs hence improve profitability. 3. Be Able to Implement and Evaluate the Personal Development Plan (LO 3) 3.1. Discussion of the Process Required to Implement the Personal Development Plan (AC 3.1) Due to its significant importance in achieving organisational objectives the implementation of personal development plan should be taken very strictly since it is not just mere filling up a performance review from or a guidance note of what employees should do to improve their importance. The introduction of personal development plan requires the following process; Informing the employees: If the employees do not know about the PDP clearly it will be impossible to implement such plan. Hence managers, team leaders and all individuals need to learn about personal development planning (Armstrong, 2009). Participation of employees in the PDP process: Employees should be involved in deciding how the planning process will work and what their roles will be (Armstrong, 2009). Developing a culture of self-learning responsibilities and allowing time and opportunities: It has to be recognised that everyone will need time and support to adjust to a culture in which they have to take much more responsibilities for their own learning (Armstrong, 2009). Providing guidance: Guidance should be given to all concerned regarding how to identify learning needs, the means of satisfying the needs identified and how they should use the available facilities. 3.2. Evaluating the Impact of the Personal Development Plan on the Achievement of Defined Role Requirements and Organisational Objectives. (AC 3.2) We have already considered the role requirements and departmental objectives of cafà © department in Sainsburys retail stores in previous sections which are; To lead the entire customer restaurant operation to provide a delicious range of meals, snacks and beverages. This will involve providing leadership and coach to colleagues, making sure everyone is in the right place at the right time, and ensuring a safe and secure environment (Sainsburys, 2012). The objective of the cafà © department is to delivering an ever-improving shopping experience for the customers of Sainsbury (Sainsburys, 2012). If the cafà © manager prepares a personal development plan such as to develop his/her leadership skills it will help him/her to fulfil his role requirements and achieving the departmental objectives for example the cafà © manager has the responsibilities for leading a group of people and the leadership skills will help him/her in this regard and the leadership skills for example will help the manager to motivate the working group under him to work hard and improve performance of the department hence achieving the objectives. 3.3. Review and Update the Personal Development Plan (AC 3.3) Personal development is a continuous process. Personal development plan is a systematic approach and follows sequential steps in a continuous way. The Scottish Qualifications Authority has identified seven steps process of PDP where the last step is the review and evaluation of the PDP. Review and evaluation of PDP assures that the concerned people have learned something from the PDP process and they can apply the process in the future personal development planning. In the case of Sainsburys cafà © depot the manager can review after frequent interval that the objectives relating to the needs from the PDP are met and take corrective actions and make new and revised plans. 4. Be Able to Promote Healthy and Safe Working Practices (AC 4.1) 4.1. Discussion of the Relationships between Healthy and Safe Working Practices and Organisational Objectives (AC 4.1) The relationship between health and safety working practices and organisational objectives seems very vague at first sight. If we could think an organisation without people there would be no need for this discussion. Organisational objective is a broad concept and there are lot of objectives which pursue an organisations aim, mission and vision. For a simplified discussion we will chose a practical departmental objective of Sainsburys and discuss the relationship between health and safe working Practices and organisational objectives. As it has been identified the objective of the cafà © department is; to delivering an ever-improving shopping experience for the customers of Sainsburys (Sainsburys, 2012). The objective of the cafà © department is very customer centric that the customer must be satisfied. The outcome of productivity inevitably make customer satisfied and in restaurant industries it is very obvious than others. The relationship between customer satisfaction and productivity in the restaurant industry is less ambiguous and customer satisfaction in many ways embodies the ultimate outcome associated with productivity (Gu, n.d.). Healthy and safe workplaces are fundamental to achieving productive work and high quality working lives (Minstry of Business Innovation and Employment, 2012). Hence health and safety practices in the cafà © department can improve the employee productivity which in turn can achieve Sainsburys cafà © departments objective of customer satisfaction. 4.2. An Explanation of the Process for Conducting a Risk Assessment (AC 4.2) According to the Institute of Risk Management risk assessment involves mainly risk analysis and risk evaluation; Risk analysis involves; Risk identification: involves identifying an organisations exposure to uncertainty. This requires detailed information about the companys environment, operation and clear understanding of organisations strategic and operational objectives. In Sainsburys cafà © department an identified risk may be the control of hazardous substances. Risk description: This involves displaying the identified risks in a structured way for better understanding. The above identified risk of Sainsburys can be described as; various cleaning materials used in the kitchen of the cafà © department which are hazardous to health such as; bleach must be used in a guided way. Risk estimation: This involves measuring the possibility of occurrence and the measurement can be qualitative and quantitative. There is a high chance that the cleaning chemicals might become in contact with food. Risk evaluation: involves making decision about the significance of risks. What will be the consequence if such incidents happen; chemicals in food! Causing ill health to customers sues the company resulting to penalty. 4.3. Identifying the Actions Taken by the Manager in Dealing with a Breach in Healthy and Safe Working Practices (AC 4.3) Health and safety in the workplace is a legal issue and in UK it is enforced by the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974. The breach of the law will have serious consequences such as significant amount of penalty and also it has been described how it will affect organisational objectives by worsening employee productivity. The following plan should be under taken if health and safety working practices are breached; To arrange for workshop to improve the knowledge of the employee about the healthy working practices. To give first performance improvement plan if breached after the workshop. To give second performance improvement plan. To give final performance action plan. To dismiss form the job. 4.4. Communicating Responsibilities for Healthy and Safe Working Practices to the Team (AC 4.4) A good communication is essential for ensuring the health and safe working practices without proper communication the whole purpose will be destroyed. Appropriate communication channel must be chosen to make sure health and safety initiatives are co-ordinated and well understood. This may include; Formal: Workplace inspections, health and safety committee meetings, training, incident investigations and reports, or hazard registers; and or Informal: Suggestion box, day to day interactions, tool box meetings or leading etc. 4.5. Relevant Records to Maintain to Demonstrate that Healthy and Safe Working Practices are Met (AC 4.5) Healthy and safe working practices records are both voluntary and mandatory. In UK under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR) it is the duties of the employers, the self -employed and people in control of work premises to report serious workplace accidents, occupational diseases and specified dangerous occurrences (Health and Saftey Executive, 2012). To meet the legal requirements accident and incidents reporting books are maintained by the employers. Organisations also must keep record of health and safety policies manual, health and safety training manual etc. Conclusion Nothing can bring success unless done in a systematic and organised way. Although personal development plan is mostly practiced at organisational level it should start form personal life to decide at a career goal of life and this will bring enrichment in personal life and for the society as well and what would be the meaning of life going on like a rudderless boat when PDP can create a meaning of life.

Military Essay -- essays research papers

Thank God for our military A Soldier, a Sailor an Airman and a Marine got into an argument about which service was the greatest. The arguing became so heated that they eventually ended up killing each other. Soon, they found themselves at the Pearly Gates of Heaven They meet St Peter and decided that only he would be the ultimate source of truth and honesty, so they osked him: "St Peter which branch of the American Armed Forces is the best?" St. Peter instantly replied: "I can't answer that. But I will ask God what he thinks next time I see him. Some time later, the four saw St. Peter again and reminded him of the question and asked if he was able to get an answer. Suddenly a sparkling white dove landed on St. Peter's shoulder. In the dove's beak is a note guilded with gold dust. St. Peter says to the four men, "Your answer from the Boss. Let's see what he says." St. Peter opens the note. Trumpets blare and gold dust drifts into the air. Harps play crescendos and St. Peter begins to re ad the note aloud to the four young men: MEMORANDUM TO SOLDIERS, SAILORS, AIRMEN AND MARINES SUBJECT: Best branch of the United States Armed Services Gentlemen, All the branches of the Armed Services are Honorable and Noble. Being a member of the Armed Forces represents a special calling warranting special respect, tribute and dedication. Each of you has served his country well, with distinction, and beyond the call of duty. Be proud of what you have accomplished. very respectfully, GOD United States Air Force (Retired) I want to be like Jesus After dinner, a six- and a four-year-old were fighting over who would get the last cookie. Back and forth they went, "GIMME!" "NO, IT'S MINE!" Finally, the dad said, "Paul and John, listen to me. If Jesus were in this situation, he would say to the other one, 'You take the last cookie, because I love you'." The older one thought about it, then responded, "O.K. John, you be Jesus." Oh-Man A man was stranded on the proverbial deserted Pacific island for years. Finally, one day, a boat comes sailing into view, and the man frantically waves and draws the skipper's attention. The boat comes near the island and the sailor gets out and greets the stranded man. After a while the sailor notices three huts and asks if there is anyone else on the island. "No", rep... ...ot; and gave it a press. Then the three-year-old yelled with glee, "NOW, WUN LIKE THE DICKENS!" Code of Silence Brother John entered the 'Monastery of Silence' and the Chief Priest said, "Brother, this is a silent monastery, you are welcome here as long as you like, but you may not speak until I direct you to do so." Brother John lived in the monastery for a full year before the Chief Priest said to him: "Brother John, you have been here a year now, you may speak two words." Brother John said, "Hard Bed." "I'm sorry to hear that" the Chief Priest said. "We will get you a better bed." The next year, Brother John was called by the Chief Priest. "You may say another two words Brother John." "Cold Food." said Brother John, and the Chief Priest assured him that the food would be better in the future. On his third anniversary at the monastery, the Chief Priest again called Brother John into his office. "Two words you may say today." "I Quit." said Brother John. "It is probably for the best." said the Chief Priest. "All you have done since you got here is complain."

Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis Essay -- Biography First Lady Biogr

Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, was the widow of John F. Kennedy the 35th President of the United States of America and of Aristotle S. Onassis, a Greek businessman. Jackie was constantly in the spotlight during her years as First Lady and afterward, we admired her self-possession over things, beauty, and grace. She was known to the public as â€Å"Jackie,† and in her later years as â€Å"Jackie O† after she remarried Mr. Onassis. Jacqueline Lee Bouvier was born in Southampton, N.Y., on July 28, 1929. Her father John Vernou Bouvier III was a successful Wall Street Broker and her Mother Janet Lee Bouvier was a well accomplished Equestrian. Her mother later divorced and re-married in 1940 to Hugh D. Auchincloss. She was brought up in wealthy and well-cultured surroundings, mainly in New York, Rhode Island, and Virginia. Jackie attended Miss Porter's School for Girls in Connecticut and Vassar College, where she excelled in history, literature, art and French and later graduated from George Washington University in 1951. In 1952, while working on her first job as an inquiring photographer for the Washington Times-Herald, she interviewed Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts. On September 12, 1953, she and Kennedy got married at St. Mary’ Church in Newport. In time they had three children Caroline, John, and Patrick, who was born pre-mature and died two days after his birth in 1963. At the age of 31 Ja...

Political, Economical, Social Effects of Globalization

Globalization has been the main theme of most news articles, magazines and even to most policies that exist in many countries around the globe today. Globalization transforms various things and ideas in order to come up with a new set of products and services that will meet the present demand of the market. With the increasing knowledge of many scholars regarding the effects of globalization to political, social, and economic status of different nations across the globe, it would be extraordinary on observing how people from different walks of life react to the benefits and loses that globalization has been offering to the international community. Though, many still believes that there are far more losers than gainers with the existence of globalization in the international community, the fact that the said global phenomenon continuous to become prevalent even to the developing countries nowadays serves as the evidence that globalization is indeed having enough influence to penetrate even the most conservative countries with respect to embracing global changes and pressures. Globalization has profound both negative and positive effects to the field of politics, society, and economics and since these three fields signifies the entire sectors of a nation/country it would be necessary and beneficial for a given government to determine the effects of globalization on their country. This global phenomenon has been the source of down turns and competitive advantages of different countries around the globe which can be seen to many developed and developing countries of different regions around the globe. With the inability to determine the kind of effect that globalization is providing into a given country, there is a great possibility that either this country would be able to fully utilize their potential gains to its optimal level or this country would just let globalization to destroy the stability of its various vital sectors. Therefore, it would be very important to pinpoint the effects of globalization to the said identified three fields above in order for a given country to determine how they will use globalization in order to attain impressive political, social, and economic stability in the present and coming years. At the end of this paper, expect a set of alternatives wherein countries can utilize globalization into their major source of competitive advantage and ways in order to protect their interest on the negative effects of globalization into the various sectors of a given country. Effects of Globalization to Political Stability Globalization has been being associated with democracy for many political analysts say that in order to attain the optimal benefits of globalization one must first embrace democracy (Hewa & Stapleton 2005: 1-2). With the launching of Bush administration’s â€Å"Freedom Agenda†, which main objective is to democratically transform Arabic countries through encouraging most Arabic countries to open their market [globalization] and with the opening of their market to international trading comes democratization according to the speech made by Bush during the G8 Summit at Prague last 2007 (Burnett 2007: 1) & (Yerkes 2006: 1), presently the Middle East is becoming a democratic region as many countries are starting to open their market into the international market and embrace the idealism behind globalization. In this regard, it is clear that globalization provides enough force for most of the Arabic countries like Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, and Pakistan to accept democracy and become one of the United States to promote democracy around the international community. Another effect of globalization’s rise would be the relaxation of some of the â€Å"serious† international policies of different countries to give way on the entry of globalization into their doors. Globalization has been greatly associated with international trading and most countries concentrates on regulating their trading volume with other countries for the past years. Globalization promotes free market principle wherein there would be as much as possible less government interference that will happen in the market and this can only be achieved through the relaxation of some of the current government policies that impedes the existence of free market system in the international market. At the end of the day, by the time those â€Å"serious† government policies pertaining to international trading is already relaxed, then that is the only time wherein gains from globalization can be realized. The only thing that makes this scenario negative to some countries is that only the developed countries receives the highest benefits from the relaxation of government policies of the trading countries while developing countries are being left with fewer gains relative to the developed countries. This is the main reason why many are opposing to globalization since they believe that this will only make rich countries richer while poor countries poorer considering that most of the benefits will still fall under the sides of rich/developed countries in the international market. Furthermore, globalization is said to be deteriorating the autonomy of many countries around the globe as pressures coming from the external market continues to leave no room for less influential countries to oppose the demands of developed countries when it comes to shaping the formers international trading policies (Sarget 2003: 3) & (Held & McGrew 2000: 13). Like for instance, the United States, for many years, has been keeping its hands to the policy making decisions of most developing countries like the Philippines which at first seems beneficial to both countries. But through close analysis one can see clearly that United States already stands into the sovereignty of the Philippines while at the same time receives most of the benefits from the said trading partnership. In this regard, globalization serves as a tool in order for developed countries to easily hold on and gets into the sovereignty of developing countries like for the case of the Philippines wherein they left with no choice but grant the demands of the United States in exchange for a small amount of gain even if it will cost their sovereignty or autonomy. Based from the identified effects of globalization above, it is therefore clear that globalization only benefits developed countries more while leaving developing countries with less gains. Both developed and developing countries gain from the advent of globalization although it also led for the developed countries to get into the way of developing countries and become more powerful in the international community compared. Effects of Globalization to Social Stability. It was identified above that only the developed countries benefits more from the advent of globalization in the international community as compared to the developing countries. In response to this inequality, various groups, organizations of the society have been organizing mass demonstrations in order to condemn the said inequality when it comes to the distribution of gains from the advent of globalization plus the interference of most developed countries to the sovereignty of many developing countries. Pro and anti-globalization groups have been on conflict which created various social conflicts between both parties. It has been identified that the rise of globalization led for many countries to suffer from the lose of nationhood as many of its sector starts experiencing instability like geographical political instability, rise of â€Å"trans-border† ethnic and religious identities to name a few. With this differences, political instability and conflict of various communities and civic groups within and outside the territorial boundaries of many countries around the globe caused by globalization was identified as one of the many reasons why cold war exists between many countries nowadays and from the past and one possible example to this would be the cold war between Yugoslavia and Soviet Union. The big question now would be if whether democracy, which is caused by globalization, could solve the internal stability that reigns on many countries nowadays (Raghavan 1997: 1). Another social effect of globalization would be the down turn of the labor union in many countries like the case of the United States. During the 1970s when the presence of globalization starts to exist in the market system of United States, there was a pressure for the economy of the United States to recover after World War II thereby leading for the rise of the private sector and rise of the free market system on the domestic market of United States. In this regard, most of the federal laws and regulations supported the interest of private sector leaving labor union with less bargaining power and support from the government in the form of government policies. Labor union membership in the United States during that time starts to deteriorate as the working class begins to lose their trust regarding the power of labor unions to protect the interest of its members. Actually, it was not only the membership of labor union that was affected, even the number of labor union on the domestic market of United States begins to decline resulting to rampant injustices coming from the members of the private sector (DeLong 1999: 1). Wages of the workers were cut at least twice a year plus different kinds of harassment were just some of the injustices that American workers experienced with the birth of globalization in United States. Countless mass demonstrations were held by the remaining labor unions during that time in order to show their opposition on the rise of private sectors power backed up by government policies due to globalization. It took years before this social conflict between the private sector and labor union community to settle down by the time the federal government starts shifting their support from the private sector going to the labor union during the early 1990’s (Rodrick 1997: 4-5). Therefore, globalization does not only disrupt the sovereignty of many nations, but also provides internal instabilities even on developed countries like the case of United States which causes social conflicts between different social class, civic groups to name a few. Effects of Globalization to Economic Stability Despite of the fact that globalization only led developing countries to lose their grip on their autonomy/sovereignty, globalization still provide enough room for the improvement of their economic growth (Hoang & Liao 2002: 2). Globalization, as what have already discussed earlier, provides an avenue towards the attainment of greater gains from international trading. International trading has been the main source of wealth and influences of many countries in the international community since the higher a country’s role on the international market, the greater is the probability that it can influence the supply or prices of goods in the global market. Globalization provides enough avenue towards the influx of foreign investment from developed to developing countries which offers additional job opportunities to the workers of the latter while giving competitive advantages to the former. In this regard, both of the trading countries benefits from this kind of market set up. With the improvement of number of job opportunities for developing countries, households will now receive higher income, and with higher household income comes higher domestic activities awaits local investors (Goldberg & Pavcnik 2006: 1). In the end, developing countries become self sustainable by using the foreign investments in order to improve the welfare condition of every households of a given country plus their trade balance which is one of the main economic indicator of how well a country is performing in the international market. Look at the case of China, with its cheap and abundant supply of laborers for many multinational companies from different countries have given the said country impressive economic growth for the past years during the time globalization forced many multinational companies to operate internationally and outsourced some of their products to other countries (Hoang & Liao 2002: 18-19). With this, China presently becomes one of the top performing countries around the globe in terms of volume of exports plus large foreign reserves generated from their surpluses from their trade balance. Many countries are becoming dependent on the products and laborers of China such as the United States despite of the fact that the former is still being considered by many countries as a developing one. Furthermore, globalization provides enough pressure for different industries of various countries to become innovative in developing new products to supply the growing needs of man kind. The development of new product provides competitive advantage for a given country since the latter can monopolize the production of that particular product which in the end would grant the country on issue higher income and influence in the international market. For instance, the innovations of Microsoft on its software in the market provides enough room for the United States to have more influence in the international market since they have the competitive advantage in producing software for personal computers present in the market. Globalization dictated to many consumers in the international market that computers nowadays are already necessity and one must have a personal computer with software from Microsoft. With this booming demand for Microsoft’s software, United States starts experiencing improvement on their income, trade balance and bargaining power with other countries. In other words, through globalization, the booming of the IT industry in the United States would not be as high as it is today and the federal government will not be able to charge Microsoft with higher tax if the latter’s products did not successfully penetrated its target market. At the end of the day, it is therefore clear that globalization serves as a tool in order for both developing and developed countries to mutually gain from its existence in the global community through the improvement of country’s trade balance, job opportunities, per capita income and domestic consumption. Effects of Globalization on Technology Technology serves as the main driving forces of many globalization processes especially in the field of international trading. Many countries spent billions of dollars just to invest on technologically advanced machineries and equipment that will further increase their production level and efficiency (Rand. org 2008: 1). Technology, aside from capital and labor, is among the main factors of production in today’s market system as well as the source of competitive advantages of many countries in overcutting the performance of their competitors in the international market. The know-how of technology of a given country could contribute for the attainment of impressive growth like for the case of Japan who presently leads the production of various lines of appliances, automobiles, mobile phones to name a few. Japan has been known for its ability to surpass the technology of many top nations in the international market. Despite the fact that it is still being considered among the developing countries, still, Japan has been able to compete at par with top developed countries like United States, United Kingdom to name a few. In this regard, considering the case of Japan, it is therefore clear that globalization has been forcing the development of technology beyond its limits in order to suffice the growing needs and demand of the international community when it comes to machineries and gadgets that would make their everyday living easier and more comfortable. Effects of Globalization on Culture. With the increasing integration and linkages/connectivity between various region and countries of the international community, there has been a transfer of cultural influences between those countries that interact with one another (Tomlinson 2006: 2-3). Like for instance, with the improvement of the trading condition between the Philippines and United States, the former starts to imitate Western style of living after becoming familiar with the customers, preferences, tastes, and behavior of American through the transfer of products between the ports of the said two countries. Asians has been known for their ability to imitate Western style of living through consuming imported products from western countries. With globalization, the entry of western products will now be much greater as compared before leading for countries in Asia to become more familiar and exposed to western products. At the end of the day, the transfer of customs, style of living, and product preferences will serve as the main tool of globalization to culturally link different countries. By exposing each trading country’s product to one another would provide enough roads for one country to influence one another like for the case of United States and Asian countries like the Philippines and Japan. Conclusion Though globalization has negative effects being imposed to both developing and developed countries, at the end of the day when we add all of the benefits and loses caused by globalization, the result would provide a positive answer; meaning the global community did gain from the advent of globalization in the international market. As for the developing countries, they must tried to find other ways in order to attract more foreign investment without sacrificing their sovereignty like providing incentives instead of restructuring their current policies based from the demands of developed countries. On the other hand, developed countries must watch out for the internal conflicts that globalization might bring into their territory as different social class fight and struggle with one another for dominancy.